Exploring the Role of Locational Factors in the Growth of Textile Industry in Tehsil Jaranwala, District Faisalabad

Industrialization is a procedure which contributes to the economy of a country and plays a pivotal role in theexpansion of wealth and economic growth of a community. Textile industry has acted as the backbone of the industrialsector of Pakistan and has contributed a lot in the regional growth especially in Punjab. The present study is aimed toassess the role of locational factors that have proven favorable in the growth and successful development of textileindustry in Jaranwala tehsil, Faisalabad district. An empirical research design was selected and Jaranwala tehsil waschosen as the study area. Both primary and secondary data sources were used, and primary data were collected througha fully-structured questionnaire. Five sample sites were selected, and 75 textile industries were visited, and data wereobtained by interviewing the administrative staff of the respective textile units. The collected data were further arrangedand tabulated by using Microsoft Excel 2010, SPSS 20; Paired sample T test was performed to check the significancebetween types of industries and factors affecting the location of surveyed textile industries. Distributional and thematicmaps were prepared with the help of Arc GIS 10.1. The result of the study showed that availability of raw material,cheap labor and better climatic conditions were the most favorable factors for the location of industries in the studyarea. The study recommends the further work on other types of industries following same pattern in order to understandtheir economic progress in regional growth and development of the study area

Exploring biodiversity & fisheries biology: a fundamental knowledge for sustainable fish production

Research on fisheries biology receives less attention due to several underlying factors. However, the opportunity is still great as the scope under fisheries biology is very wide and furthermore, our waters is rich in fish species that are of importance to the fisheries industry. Malaysia dependence on capture fisheries is still strong, as aquaculture production stays at around 30% of the total fish production. Research on wide range of marine organisms that help to enhance the fish production ought to be encouraged. In comparison to finfish, molluscan shells and crustaceans are lagging behind in term of their biological information and have long been receiving less interest from the researchers. This is despite seafood demands for shrimps, crabs and shells are consistently high and on the increase. Taking the matter as an important issue, our research team in UPM has for the past two decades focused and engaged on biological research of this group of fish resources. Knowledge and output on the biological aspects of these invertebrate species is important in many ways; primarily it might help to propel the development of new species for shellfish aquaculture whether as a culture species itself or alternatively acting as a source of live foods for hatchery use. Acting along this objective and tagging up with national interest on increasing fish production, works on the reproductive and feeding biology as well as diversity and ecology are undertaken. The lecture will take a closer look at the research being assumed by us and will discuss the results and findings on several invertebrate species that we studied

Population Growth and Production of Apocyclops dengizicus (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) Fed on Different Diets

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of various diets: 4 monoalgal diets: Nannochloropsis oculata (N), Isochrysis galbana (I), Chaetoceros calcitrans (C), and Tetraselmis tetrathele (T); 4 mixed algal diets: N+I+C+T(NICT), N+I+C(NIC), C+T(CT), and I+T(IT); and 2 nonalgal diets: baker’s yeast (BY) and prepared shrimp feed (SF) on population growth and density of Apocyclops dengizicus. The type and density of diet had significant effects on the growth and density of A. dengizicus (P , 0.01). Of tested diets, T and CT were optimum diets due to higher density and growth rate of A. dengizicus compared to other diets. Their high dietary value was related to the higher contents of polyunsaturated fatty acid, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) compared to A. dengizicus cultured on other diets. The results of the present study illustrated that T. tetrathele was the most suitable food for the culture of A. dengizicus

Sources of language anxiety

Anxiety plays an important role in language learning because it ranks high among factors that can influence language learning (Oxford, 1999). It affects not only the way in which learners perform but also the way in which they perceive their performance (MacIntyre, 1999). In order to understand language anxiety, the sources of language anxiety need to be explored. This study was conducted to explore the sources of language anxiety from the students’ (UUM) perspectives. A qualitative case study was selected for this study. The sampling of participants (students) was done through purposive sampling in order to select information-rich cases. The main data collection was done mainly through interviewing language students. Interviewing lecturers and analyzing documents were done to triangulate the students’ perspective. his study found that the most cited sources of language anxiety were associated with speaking and writing skills. Another skill mentioned was related to listening comprehension. In this study, the sources of language anxiety stemmed from the learner, peers, instructional practice, personality, past experiences and language testing condition. Six themes emerged from the study. The themes were derived by associating language anxiety with three language skills, i.e. speaking, writing and listening, mentioned by the participants. The six themes which emerged from this study were belief and self-deprecating thought, afraid of being put on the limelight, afraid of being laughed at by peers, the type of lecturer or teacher, bad past experiences, and anxiety during language test

Description of a new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865 (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and comparisons with species from Marphysa group A from the Indo-West Pacific and Indian Ocean

A new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865 (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) is described from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and compared with species from Marphysa Group A from the Indo-West Pacific and Indian Ocean. The number of species known within Marphysa Group A has been increased, and the concept that M. mossambica is a widely distributed species in the Indo-Pacific is refuted. The new species is commercially important and occurs in the mangrove forest along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Notes on the biology, ecology and commercial aspects of M. moribidii sp. nov. are presented

Code-Switched Urdu ASR for Noisy Telephonic Environment using Data Centric Approach with Hybrid HMM and CNN-TDNN

Call Centers have huge amount of audio data which can be used for achieving valuable business insights and transcription of phone calls is manually tedious task. An effective Automated Speech Recognition system can accurately transcribe these calls for easy search through call history for specific context and content allowing automatic call monitoring, improving QoS through keyword search and sentiment analysis. ASR for Call Center requires more robustness as telephonic environment are generally noisy. Moreover, there are many low-resourced languages that are on verge of extinction which can be preserved with help of Automatic Speech Recognition Technology. Urdu is the $10^{th}$ most widely spoken language in the world, with 231,295,440 worldwide still remains a resource constrained language in ASR. Regional call-center conversations operate in local language, with a mix of English numbers and technical terms generally causing a "code-switching" problem. Hence, this paper describes an implementation framework of a resource efficient Automatic Speech Recognition/ Speech to Text System in a noisy call-center environment using Chain Hybrid HMM and CNN-TDNN for Code-Switched Urdu Language. Using Hybrid HMM-DNN approach allowed us to utilize the advantages of Neural Network with less labelled data. Adding CNN with TDNN has shown to work better in noisy environment due to CNN's additional frequency dimension which captures extra information from noisy speech, thus improving accuracy. We collected data from various open sources and labelled some of the unlabelled data after analysing its general context and content from Urdu language as well as from commonly used words from other languages, primarily English and were able to achieve WER of 5.2% with noisy as well as clean environment in isolated words or numbers as well as in continuous spontaneous speech.Comment: 32 pages, 19 figures, 2 tables, preprin

Molecular phylogeny of some Malaysian groupers (subfamily: Epinephelinae, family: serranidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences

Groupers are known as one of the important marine and estuarine fishes they are widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical open water. Nevertheless, the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships among wild groupers in Malaysian waters are still poorly studied and need to be further clarified. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the phylogenetic relationship of wild grouper using samples collected from eight coastal areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Samples were identified manually based on their morphological characteristics. Molecular phylogeny was inferred for subfamily Epinephelinae using a combined analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b and nuclear Recombination activating gene-1 (RAG-1) genes from 12 species representing three genera of subfamily Epinephelinae. Results from all methods of analyses (Neighbour-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), minimum evolution (ME), and Bayesian analyses (BI)) produced similar tree topologies and strong supported the monophyletic status of the three genera within the subfamily Epinephelinae with genus Plectropomus was basal to the other genera. Phylogenetic analyses also divided genus Epinephelus into two different clades similar to other previous findings. Nevertheless, several relationships remain unresolved particularly among morphologically similar species (e.g between E. fario and E. longispinis) and species with limited number of individuals (E. coioides). Overall, the findings of this study have managed to provide new insights on the taxonomy, phylogeny and genetic diversity of grouper fishes in Peninsular Malaysia, which are important for their appropriate sustainable management, either for conservation or aquaculture purposes

Women Councilors for Women\u27s Empowerment in Pakistan

There are considerable disparities between the status of men and women in Pakistan. In Global Gender Gap Report 2014, Pakistan is ranked at 141 among 142 countries of the world and the overall gender gap calculated is 44.78%. Pakistan occupies the last place in the regional ranking of gender gap. In order to reduce this gap, empower women and reduce poverty, the government of Pakistan has adopted various social, economic, legal and political strategies and policies. The reservation of 33% seats for women at union council (village level), tehsil council (sub-district level) and district council level under the new local government plan (devolution plan) in 2000 is one of the strategies adopted for empowerment of women. This created a critical mass of 39,964 women councilors in Pakistan. In order to assess the effectiveness and impact of women councilors for women’s empowerment, a study was conducted in two selected districts of Pakistan, i.e. Abbottabad (Kyber Pakhtunkhwa Province) and Attock (Punjab Province). Primary data were collected from 54 women councilors of both the districts. The result shows that participation of women councilors in local government remained good. Hence, the economic effect was quite surprising. However, no separate funds/schemes were initiated for women. Their influence over changing polices remained weak. The women councilors in the new local government system increased awareness and coordination among women. However, they were unable to reduce violence and awaken other women regarding their rights

Market share analysis of Malaysia's palm oil exports: implications on its competitiveness

The objective of this article is to analyse the market share of Malaysia's palm oil exports using the constant market share (CMS) approach in order to assess its competitiveness in the world market. Palm oil exports in period 1981·85 were analysed in comparison to the base period 1976·80 quantities. Next, palm oil exports in period 1986-90 were analysed in comparison to period 1981-85, and finally a comparison between period 1981-85 and 1986-90. The results of the CMS analysis show that size of market is the dominant factor in contributing to the country's palm oil export expansion. The competitiveness [actor plays relatively minor role and it is declining over time

Population Characterization of Planktonic Shrimp, Acetes japonicus (Decapoda: Sergestidae) using RAPD Technique

Genomic DNA of sergestid shrimp, Acetes japonicus was successfully extracted by using the Promega Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit. Population genetic characterization of A. japonicus along the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia (state of Perak, Malacca and Kedah) was examined using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker. Twenty oligonucleotides from operon A kit were used to screen the populations, of which 6 were able to be amplified (OPA03, OPA04, OPA07, OPA09, OPA10, OPA16). The percentages of polymorphic bands of the three populations investigated varied from 57.77 to 87.77%. Genetic distances between populations and cluster analysis from UPGMA grouped the populations into two major clusters. The Perak and Malacca populations were in one cluster, while the Kedah population was clustered by itself, indicating a different population. The genetic distance was highest as 0.0999 for the Kedah and the Malacca populations while lowest value was 0.0413 for the Perak and the Malacca populations, which probably have a closed ancestral relationship. The results of this study suggested that RAPD analysis, if carried out carefully and accurately would give a good indication of the separation between individuals of different populations and is suitable for identification of closely related genotypes